{"id":16930,"date":"2020-03-13T13:15:03","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T13:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/triniti.eu\/insights\/vaaramatu-joud-covid-19-mottes-olemasolevad-lepingud-ja-hetkel-solmitavad-lepingud\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T13:39:33","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T13:39:33","slug":"vaaramatu-joud-covid-19-mottes-olemasolevad-lepingud-ja-hetkel-solmitavad-lepingud","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/vaaramatu-joud-covid-19-mottes-olemasolevad-lepingud-ja-hetkel-solmitavad-lepingud\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud COVID-19 m\u00f5ttes \u2013 olemasolevad lepingud ja hetkel s\u00f5lmitavad lepingud"},"content":{"rendered":"\nKolmap\u00e4eval, 11. m\u00e4rtsil, kuulutas Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon (WHO) <\/span>COVID-19 ehk <\/span>koroonaviiruse leviku pandeemiaks.<\/span> COVID-19 \u00fche laialdasema leviku ja \u00fcha suureneva nakatunute arvu t\u00f5ttu<\/span> tek<\/span>ib ka \u00fcha enam probleeme<\/span> lepingute <\/span>kohasel <\/span>t\u00e4itmisel<\/span>. Seet\u00f5ttu on<\/span> v\u00e4ga aktuaalseks ja oluliseks <\/span>muutunud<\/span> k\u00fcsimus, kas COVID-19 puhul on tegemist v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u ehk <\/span>force majeure<\/span><\/i>\u2019iga<\/span>,<\/span> mis tooks kaasa v\u00f5lgniku kohustuse rikkumise vabandatavuse <\/span>kuni v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u \u00e4ralangemiseni<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n\"<\/a>\r\n\r\nV\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud <\/span><\/b>kui selline<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nV\u00f5la\u00f5igusseaduse (V\u00d5S) \u00a7 103 l\u00f5ike 2 kohaselt on <\/span>kohustuse rikkumine vabandatav, kui v\u00f5lgnik rikkus kohustust v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u t\u00f5ttu. Sama s\u00e4tte kohaselt on<\/span> v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud asjaolu, mida v\u00f5lgnik ei saanud m\u00f5jutada ja m\u00f5istlikkuse p\u00f5him\u00f5ttest l\u00e4htudes ei saanud temalt oodata, et ta lepingu s\u00f5lmimise v\u00f5i lepinguv\u00e4lise kohustuse tekkimise ajal selle asjaoluga arvestaks v\u00f5i seda v\u00e4ldiks v\u00f5i takistava asjaolu v\u00f5i selle tagaj\u00e4rje \u00fcletaks.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nV\u00f5lgniku all m\u00f5eldakse k\u00e4esoleval juhul \u00fcksk\u00f5ik millist lepingu poolt, mis ei suuda oma kohustusi kohaselt t\u00e4ita. Nii v\u00f5ib n\u00e4iteks tarnelepingu puhul olla v\u00f5lgnikuks<\/span> hoopis tarnija<\/span>, kui ta ei suuda oma kohustusi t\u00e4ita. <\/span>V\u00f5lgniku v\u00f5imalust asjaolu m\u00f5jutada tuleb vaadata l\u00e4htuvalt objektiivsetest kriteeriumitest. Juhul, kui v\u00f5lgnik k\u00fcll ei saanud rikkumise kaasa toonud asjaolu m\u00f5jutada v\u00f5i \u00e4ra hoida, aga temalt v\u00f5is objektiivselt oodata m\u00f5jutamist v\u00f5i \u00e4ra hoidmist, ei ole tegemist rikkumise vabandatavusega.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n
V\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u elemendid<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\nV\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u esimeseks elemendiks on <\/span>takistava asjaolu esinemine<\/b><\/span>, mis takistab kohustuse kohast t\u00e4itmist.<\/span> N\u00e4i<\/span>teks v\u00f5ib takistavaks asjaoluks olla <\/span>suur lumetorm.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nTeine element on asjaolu asetsemine v\u00e4ljaspool v\u00f5lgniku m\u00f5jusf\u00e4\u00e4ri. Kohustuse t\u00e4itmist takistava asjaolu teke peab olema objektiivne, <\/span>st see ei tohi olla p\u00f5hjustatud v\u00f5lgniku enda tegevusest v\u00f5i tegevusetusest<\/b><\/span>.<\/span> V\u00f5lgnikku m\u00f5juulatusse kuuluvad \u00fcldiselt v\u00f5lgniku enda tegevusega seotud riskid, sh v\u00f5lgniku lepingupartnerite tegevus.<\/span> N\u00e4iteks on kohtupraktikas leitud, et juhul kui teatud piirkonnas on igal aastal \u00fcleujutused, siis <\/span>saab v\u00f5lgnik sellise asjaoluga arvest<\/span>ada ja n\u00e4iteks piirkonda mitte oma autot parkida.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nKolmandaks elemendiks on <\/span>asjaolu etten\u00e4gematus<\/b><\/span>. Kohustuse t\u00e4itmist takistava asjaolu saabumine peab olema ootamatu, mist\u00f5ttu ei saa v\u00f5lgnikult eeldada sellise asjaoluga arvestamist. <\/span>Seda hinnatakse lepingu s\u00f5lmimise seisuga. Seega, kui lepingu s\u00f5lmimisel on juba teada, et <\/span>kolmas riik on kehtestanud kaupade ekspordile keelu, siis ei saa asjaolu pidada enam ennen\u00e4gematuks.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nNeljandaks, viimaseks elemendiks on <\/span>asjaolu v\u00e4ltimatus ja \u00fcletamatus<\/b><\/span>. Kohustuse t\u00e4itmist takistav asjaolu peab olema selline, et asjaolu ilmsiks tulemisel ei saa v\u00f5lgnikult m\u00f5istlikult oodata selle asjaolu kohustuse t\u00e4itmisele avalduva m\u00f5ju v\u00e4ltimist v\u00f5i asjaolu v\u00f5i selle tagaj\u00e4rje \u00fcletamist. Asjaolude m\u00f5jutatavuse hindamisel tule<\/span>b<\/span> l\u00e4htuda sarnastel asjaoludel heas usus tegutsevast isikust<\/span>, seega neutraalsest isikust, kes <\/span>\u00fcritab teha m\u00f5istlikult k\u00f5ik endast oleneva, et asjaolu \u00fcletada<\/span>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n
Olemasolevad, st juba s\u00f5lmitud lepingud <\/span><\/b>ja COVID-19<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\nOlemasolevate, st juba varasemalt s\u00f5lmitud lepingute puhul tuleks v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u kahtluse korral esmalt vaadata pooltevahelist lepingut, kas ja mida \u00fctleb see konkreetne leping v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u esinemise kohta. Juhul, kui pooltevaheline leping v\u00e4\u00e4ramatut j\u00f5udu ei puuduta, kohaldub V\u00d5S \u00a7 103 otse.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nKui aga pooltevahelises lepingus on pooled kokku leppinud, et vastutatakse ka <\/span>nt <\/span>tarneprobleemide eest, siis on v\u00f5imalik, et COVID-19 ja selle tagaj\u00e4rgede puhul ei ole tegemist v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5uga<\/span>, mis vabastaks v\u00f5lgniku kohustuse rikkumise eest<\/span>. <\/span>Viirus ise muidugi vastutusest vabastavaks asjaoluks ei ole, selleks saab olla vaid <\/span>v\u00f5lgnikust <\/span>s\u00f5ltumatu <\/span>regulatiivne<\/span> v\u00f5i f\u00fc\u00fcsiline takistus v\u00f5lgnetava kohustuse kohasel t\u00e4itmisel. <\/span>Nii on <\/span>ka <\/span>Eesti<\/span> \u00f5iguskirjan<\/span>duses toodud v\u00e4lja seisukoht, et o<\/span>otamatult kehtestatud piirang avalikult v\u00f5imult<\/span>, <\/span>nt karantiin<\/span>,<\/span> v\u00f5ib olla vaadeldav v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5una<\/span>. <\/span>Riigikohus<\/span> ei ole<\/span> aga<\/span> seni teinud mitte \u00fchtegi lahendit, mis puudutaks pandeemiat kui v\u00e4\u00e4ramatut j\u00f5udu, mist\u00f5ttu puudub hetkel ka kindel arusaam, kas Eesti <\/span>\u00f5igus<\/span>es<\/span> loe<\/span>takse<\/span> pandeemia<\/span>, sh COVID-19<\/span> v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u asjaoluks, mis vabastab v\u00f5lgniku vastutusest kohustuse t\u00e4itmisel.<\/span> Argumente saab esitada nii <\/span>poolt kui vastu ja <\/span>selline kohtupraktika<\/span> alles kujuneb.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nKindlasti tuleb aga t\u00e4hele panna, et v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud ei ole takistavaks asjaoluks rahaliste kohustuste t\u00e4itmisel. Riigikohus <\/span>on korduvalt \u00f6elnud<\/span>, et rikkumise vabandatavus ei tule reeglina rahalise kohustuse puhul k\u00f5ne alla.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nSamuti on oluline t\u00e4hele panna, et juhul kui pool otsustab v\u00e4\u00e4ramatut j\u00f5udu kohaldada, tuleb sellest viivitamatult teavitada ka teist poolt. Vastasel juhul v\u00f5ib olla keeruline hiljem v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u asjaolule tugineda.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nK\u00fcll aga tasub v\u00f5lausaldajatel sellises olukorras j\u00e4tta meelde, et V\u00d5S \u00a7 105 kehtib v\u00f5lgniku vastutusest s\u00f5ltumata. Selle kohaselt on v\u00f5lausaldajal \u00f5igus keelduda oma kohustuse t\u00e4itmisest, lepingust taganeda v\u00f5i leping \u00fcles \u00f6elda, samuti alandada hinda. Seega ei t\u00e4henda v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud \u00fcksnes seda, et \u00fcks pool oma kohustusi ei t\u00e4ida \u2013 teisel poolel on v\u00f5imalik sellele reageerida.\r\n
Tulevikus s\u00f5lmitavad lepingud ja COVID-19<\/span><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\nEraldi k\u00fcsimus on see, kuidas lahendada olukord lepingute osas, mis pole veel s\u00f5lmimisel v\u00f5i s\u00f5lmitakse l\u00e4hiajal. Nagu eelnevalt on selgunud, siis v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud V\u00d5S \u00a7 103 t\u00e4henduses on kehtiv \u00fcksnes siis, kui tegemist on lepingu s\u00f5lmimise ajahetkel <\/span>v\u00f5i kohustuse t\u00e4itmise sissen\u00f5utavaks muutumisel <\/span>etten\u00e4gematu s\u00fcndmusega.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nKindlasti on vajalik arvestada, et praegu Eestis ja maailmas kehtiv olukord v\u00f5ib avaldada veel m\u00f5nda aega m\u00f5ju ka lepingulistele suhetele, muuhulgas tarneahelatele. Sellises olukorras on m\u00f5istlik kaardistada lepinguga seotud riskid ja defineerida need lepingus v\u00f5imalikult t\u00e4pselt. Samas tasub langetada ka otsus, kas pooled vastutavad k\u00e4esoleval juhul kohaldavate piirangute t\u00f5ttu tekkinud lepingu rikkumiste eest v\u00f5i mitte v\u00f5i, kas vastutus lasub n\u00e4iteks \u00fchel poolel.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nMida t\u00e4psemalt on poolte tahe kirjas lepingus, seda rohkem on maandatud risk, et vaidluse korral kohtus sisustab m\u00f5iste t\u00e4henduse kohus. Arvestades seda, et kohtupraktikat Eestis sellise olukorra osas \u00f5nneks pole olnud, siis pole ette v\u00f5imalik n\u00e4ha ka, milline v\u00f5iks olla kohtupoolne hinnang v\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5u kohaldumisele.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\nKui Teil on selle teema kohta t\u00e4iendavaid k\u00fcsimusi, v\u00f5tke meiega<\/a><\/span> julgesti \u00fchendust!\r\n\r\nTRINITI advokaatide pidevalt t\u00e4ienevaid ning eriolukorras soovitusi andvad postitused leiate siit: https:\/\/triniti.ee\/covid-19-koroonaviirus\/<\/a><\/span>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":5444,"template":"","person_countries":[296],"people_industries":[],"experience_practice_area":[310],"insight_category":[910],"class_list":["post-16930","insights","type-insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","person_countries-eesti","experience_practice_area-vaidluste-lahendamine","insight_category-artiklid"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud COVID-19 m\u00f5ttes \u2013 olemasolevad lepingud ja hetkel s\u00f5lmitavad lepingud - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u00e4\u00e4ramatu j\u00f5ud COVID-19 m\u00f5ttes \u2013 olemasolevad lepingud ja hetkel s\u00f5lmitavad lepingud - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kolmap\u00e4eval, 11. m\u00e4rtsil, kuulutas Maailma Terviseorganisatsioon (WHO) COVID-19 ehk koroonaviiruse leviku pandeemiaks. COVID-19 \u00fche laialdasema leviku ja \u00fcha suureneva nakatunute arvu t\u00f5ttu tekib ka \u00fcha enam probleeme lepingute kohasel t\u00e4itmisel. 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