{"id":20224,"date":"2017-10-13T14:34:28","date_gmt":"2017-10-13T14:34:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triniti.eu\/?post_type=insights&#038;p=20224"},"modified":"2026-04-15T13:39:41","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T13:39:41","slug":"kui-sul-on-volatunnistus-siis-mis-sul-tegelikult-on","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/kui-sul-on-volatunnistus-siis-mis-sul-tegelikult-on\/","title":{"rendered":"Kui Sul on v\u00f5latunnistus, siis mis Sul tegelikult on?"},"content":{"rendered":"\nElasid kord J\u00fcri ja Mati, kes tegid koos \u00e4ri. \u00c4ritegevuse l\u00f5ppemisel oli kummalgi mehel oma \u00e4ripartneri vastu mitmeid rahalisi n\u00f5udeid. Erinevate summade liitmise tulemusena j\u00f5uti kokkuleppele, et J\u00fcri on Matile v\u00f5lgu 1\u00a0000 eurot. Mati oli n\u00f5us v\u00f5lgnevuse sissen\u00f5udmisega ootama, kui J\u00fcri tunnistab tingimusteta oma v\u00f5lgnevust Mati ees.\r\nMati koostas dokumendi, milles oli kirjas \u201eJ\u00fcri v\u00f5lgneb Matile 1\u00a0000 eurot\u201c ning J\u00fcri allkirjastas selle. Mati oli rahul, sest tal oli n\u00fc\u00fcd olemas konkreetne dokument, mille alusel saab vajadusel kohtusse p\u00f6\u00f6rduda. Tundub lihtne? Paraku see nii ei ole.\r\n\r\nEristada tuleb konstitutiivset ja deklaratiivset v\u00f5latunnistust\r\n\r\nNimelt, v\u00f5la\u00f5igusseaduse \u00a7 30 kohaselt on v\u00f5latunnistus leping, millega lubatakse kohustuse t\u00e4itmist selliselt, et lubadusega luuakse iseseisev kohustus v\u00f5i millega tunnistatakse kohustuse olemasolu. Seega tehakse vahet:\r\n\r\nkonstitutiivsel v\u00f5latunnistusel \u2013 tegemist on iseseisva kohustusega, mille kehtivus ei s\u00f5ltu selle aluseks oleva v\u00f5imaliku tehingu kehtivusest;\r\ndeklaratiivsel v\u00f5latunnistusel \u2013 v\u00f5latunnistusega ei looda uut kohustust, vaid \u00fcksnes kinnitatakse juba olemasolevat kohustust eesm\u00e4rgiga lihtsustada v\u00f5lausaldaja n\u00f5ude maksmapandavust ning v\u00e4listada v\u00f5lgniku v\u00f5imalikke vastuv\u00e4iteid v\u00f5lale.\r\n\r\n\u2026 ja siis tuleb omakorda vahet teha erinevatel konstitutiivsetel v\u00f5latunnistustel\r\n\r\nParaku ei piirdu v\u00f5latunnistuste eristamine \u00fcksnes eeltooduga. Riigikohus on asunud seisukohale, et eristada saab ka kahte liiki konstitutiivseid v\u00f5latunnistusi \u2013 v\u00f5latunnistus, mis s\u00f5lmiti algse kohustuse maksmapanemise tagamiseks ja lihtsustamiseks ja v\u00f5latunnistust, mis s\u00f5lmiti varalise kohustuse tekitamiseks algset kohustust silmas pidamata mingi eesm\u00e4rgi saavutamiseks.\r\n\r\nSeega, kui J\u00fcri peaks hakkama Mati n\u00f5udele vastu vaidlema, siis seda, kas pooled leppisid kokku deklaratiivse v\u00f5i konstitutiivse v\u00f5latunnistuse andmises ning kui tegemist on konstitutiivse v\u00f5latunnistusega, siis millisega, peab otsustama kohus. Siinkohal m\u00e4rgin, et m\u00e4\u00e4rav ei ole see, millist s\u00f5nastust pooled v\u00f5latunnistuses kasutasid, vaid milline oli poolte tegelik tahe v\u00f5latunnistuse s\u00f5lmimisel.\r\n\r\nV\u00f5lausaldaja peab t\u00f5endama konstitutiivse v\u00f5latunnistuse olemasolu\r\n\r\nKui Mati v\u00e4idab, et tegemist on konstitutiivse v\u00f5latunnistusega ehk eesm\u00e4rk oli luua algsetest v\u00f5lasuhetest s\u00f5ltumatu iseseisev kohustus, peab Mati suutma seda ka kohtus t\u00f5endada. Kui ta seda teha ei suuda, siis \u00fcldjuhul loetakse v\u00f5latunnistus deklaratiivseks ning Mati peab oma n\u00f5ude maksmapanekuks t\u00f5endama ka v\u00f5latunnistuse aluseks olnud n\u00f5uete olemasolu.\r\n\r\nSamas v\u00f5ib kohus asuda ka seisukohale, et tegemist ei ole \u00fcle\u00fcldse v\u00f5latunnistusega. Nimelt on Riigikohus m\u00e4rkinud, et v\u00f5la kirjalikus vormis tunnistamine ei pruugi \u00fcldse t\u00e4hendada v\u00f5lgniku tahet anda v\u00f5latunnistus. V\u00f5lgnik v\u00f5ib tunnistusega \u00fcksnes m\u00f6\u00f6nda v\u00f5la olemasolu, soovimata anda sellisele tunnistusele \u00f5iguslikku siduvust.\r\n\r\nSeega on esmapilgul lihtsast v\u00f5latunnistusest kujunenud t\u00e4nu kohtupraktikale keeruline instrument, mille s\u00f5lmimisel tuleb olla hoolas ning v\u00f5tta arvesse kehtivat praktikat. Kui Sul tekkis eelnevaga seoses k\u00fcsimusi, siis v\u00f5ta meiega \u00fchendust siin.\r\n\r\nV\u00f5latunnistustest oleme oma blogides kirjutanud juba ka varasemalt. Selleks, et veelgi rohkem v\u00f5latunnistuse kohta teada saada, loe ka eelmist blogi.\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2816,"template":"","person_countries":[296],"people_industries":[],"experience_practice_area":[300,310],"insight_category":[430],"class_list":["post-20224","insights","type-insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","person_countries-eesti","experience_practice_area-arioigus","experience_practice_area-vaidluste-lahendamine","insight_category-blogi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Kui Sul on v\u00f5latunnistus, siis mis Sul tegelikult on? - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kui Sul on v\u00f5latunnistus, siis mis Sul tegelikult on? - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Elasid kord J\u00fcri ja Mati, kes tegid koos \u00e4ri. \u00c4ritegevuse l\u00f5ppemisel oli kummalgi mehel oma \u00e4ripartneri vastu mitmeid rahalisi n\u00f5udeid. Erinevate summade liitmise tulemusena j\u00f5uti kokkuleppele, et J\u00fcri on Matile v\u00f5lgu 1\u00a0000 eurot. Mati oli n\u00f5us v\u00f5lgnevuse sissen\u00f5udmisega ootama, kui J\u00fcri tunnistab tingimusteta oma v\u00f5lgnevust Mati ees. Mati koostas dokumendi, milles oli kirjas \u201eJ\u00fcri v\u00f5lgneb [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/kui-sul-on-volatunnistus-siis-mis-sul-tegelikult-on\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-15T13:39:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Klen-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2476\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2476\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"2 minutit\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/triniti.1kdigital.com\\\/et\\\/insights\\\/kui-sul-on-volatunnistus-siis-mis-sul-tegelikult-on\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/triniti.1kdigital.com\\\/et\\\/insights\\\/kui-sul-on-volatunnistus-siis-mis-sul-tegelikult-on\\\/\",\"name\":\"Kui Sul on v\u00f5latunnistus, siis mis Sul tegelikult on? 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