{"id":27842,"date":"2024-03-28T08:10:26","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T08:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/triniti.eu\/?post_type=insights&#038;p=27842"},"modified":"2026-04-15T13:39:49","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T13:39:49","slug":"tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/","title":{"rendered":"Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Moodne tuumaelektrijaam on tsiviilehituslikus m\u00f5ttes pigem keskmist m\u00f5\u00f5tu t\u00f6\u00f6stushoone, sest v\u00e4ikeste moodulreaktorite (<\/span><\/b><b><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">small modular reactor &#8211; SMR<\/span><\/i><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">) erip\u00e4ra ja eelis on nende t\u00fc\u00fcpprojekti j\u00e4rgi valmisehitamine, mis oluliselt kiirendab ja lihtsustab reaktorite paigaldust tuumajaama asukohas. Kuigi ka SMR-ide planeeritud kasulik t\u00f6\u00f6iga on pikk (30-60 aastat) on igati asjakohane k\u00fcsida, mis saab tuumk\u00fctusel t\u00f6\u00f6tavast elektrijaamast siis kui tema t\u00f6\u00f6 on tehtud? Kes demonteerimis- ja lammutust\u00f6\u00f6 eest tulevikus maksab, ning kes tasub \u00e4rakasutatud tuumk\u00fctuse l\u00f5ppladustamise eest?<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<figure id=\"attachment_27861\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-27861\" style=\"width: 687px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><picture class=\"wp-picture-27861\" style=\"display: contents;\"><source type=\"image\/avif\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power-768x394-jpg.avif 768w, https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power-jpg.avif 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-27861\" src=\"https:\/\/triniti.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"687\" height=\"352\" srcset=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg 840w, https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power-500x257.jpg 500w, https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power-768x394.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 687px) 100vw, 687px\" \/><\/picture><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-27861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sloveenia ja Horvaatia \u00fchine Kr\u015bko tuumajaam<\/figcaption><\/figure>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Tuumarajatiste dekomissioneerimine on protsess, mis viib tuumarajatise (tavaliselt tuumareaktori) t\u00e4ieliku v\u00f5i osalise p\u00f6\u00f6rdumatu sulgemiseni ning mille l\u00f5ppeesm\u00e4rk on tuumarajatise tegevuse ja selleks v\u00e4ljaantud loa l\u00f5petamine. Protsess ise kulgeb rangelt vastavalt regulaatori kehtestatud dekomissioneerimise kavale, mis h\u00f5lmab tuumarajatise t\u00e4ielikku v\u00f5i osalist demonteerimist ja dekontaminatsiooni, ning mis koostatakse juba enne rajatise ehitamist. Dekomissioneerimise eesm\u00e4rgiks on ideaaljuhul keskkonna taastamine tuumarajatise eelse nn. rohelise seisundini. Kava on siis t\u00e4idetud, kui rajatise heakskiidetud l\u00f5ppseisund on saavutatud.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Maailma senine praktika on n\u00e4idanud, et selline protsess kestab umbes 15-30 aastat v\u00f5i vajadusel ka kauem, kui radioaktiivse lagunemise ohutuks kulgemiseks kohaldatakse vahepealset ladustamisperioodi. P\u00e4rast dekomissioneerimist allesj\u00e4\u00e4nud radioaktiivsed j\u00e4\u00e4tmed viiakse, kas kohapealsesse (vahe)ladustamiskohta, kus need on endiselt omaniku kontrolli all, v\u00f5i juba l\u00f5ppladustamisrajatisse m\u00f5nes teises asukohas.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Vaheladustamine v\u00f5ib kesta aastak\u00fcmneid<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Varasemate ja tulevaste tuumarajatiste dekomissioneerimise k\u00e4igus tekkivate tuumaj\u00e4\u00e4tmete l\u00f5ppladustamine on seni olnud ilma hea lahenduseta probleem. \u00dchest k\u00fcljest ei ole l\u00f5ppladustamisega olnud kiiret, sest ohutu vaheladustamine v\u00f5ibki rahulikult kesta aastak\u00fcmneid, kuid teisalt ei ole l\u00f5ppladustamiseks seni olnud head universaalset tehnilist lahendust.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">T\u00e4nase seisuga v\u00f5ib loota, et suurest osast kasutatud tuumk\u00fctusest v\u00f5ib, vahepeal toimunud kiire tehnoloogilise arengu tulemusena, saada taas kasulik tuumk\u00fctus uut t\u00fc\u00fcpi reaktorite jaoks, mis l\u00f5ppladustamist vajavate j\u00e4\u00e4tmete hulka olulisel m\u00e4\u00e4ral v\u00e4hendab. Samuti on projekteerimis- ja ehitusfaasi j\u00f5udmas mitmed maakoore s\u00fcgavatesse kihtidesse planeeritud kasutatud tuumk\u00fctuse l\u00f5ppladestuskohad, s.h meie p\u00f5hjanaabrite juures Soomes.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dekomissioneerimine on paljuski halduslik ja tehniline protsess<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Tuumarajatis demonteeritakse nii, et see ei vaja enam kiirguskaitsemeetmeid. See h\u00f5lmab ka radioaktiivsete materjalide, s.h tuumajaama hooned ja sisseseade, puhastamist ja ohutustamist ning vajadusel lammutamist. Kui rajatis on t\u00e4ielikult dekomissioneeritud, ei ole ta enam kiirgusohtlik. Kunagi tuumarajatise ehitamiseks ja kasutamiseks v\u00e4ljaantud luba l\u00f5petatakse ja rajatis vabastatakse riikliku j\u00e4relevalve alt ning loaomanik vabaneb vastutusest tuumaohutuse eest. Edaspidi v\u00f5ib dekomissioneeritud tuumarajatises teha v\u00f5i toota, mida iganes selle omanik otstarbekaks ja kasulikuks peab nagu igas teiseski t\u00f6\u00f6stushoones.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Oluline on meeles pidada, et maailma eri paigus on miljoneid v\u00e4ikeseid tuumaseadmeid ja -rajatisi ning tuumamaterjali, mida kasutatakse lisaks elektritootmisele nii meditsiinilistel, t\u00f6\u00f6stuslikel kui teaduslikel eesm\u00e4rkidel, mis samuti tuleb nende eesm\u00e4rgip\u00e4rase kasutamise l\u00f5petamisel dekomissioneerida.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dekomissioneerimise kulud kogutakse ette ning neid hoitakse eraldi fondis<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Dekomissioneerimise kulud tuleb katta summadest, mis on prognoositud tuumaseadme projekteerimisel ja ehitamisel ning fikseeritud dekomissioneerimiskavas. Dekomissioneerimiskava on tuumarajatise\u00a0 ehitamise, katsetamise ja kasutamise lubade osaks. Tuumarajatise k\u00e4itaja poolt reeglina rajatise kasutumise aja jooksul regulaarselt tasutavatest maksetest kogunevaid summasid v\u00f5ib hoida ja hallata vastavas sihtotstarbelises dekomissioneerimisfondis.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Sellise fondi eesm\u00e4rgiks on igal ajal tagada piisavate rahaliste vahendite olemasolu ja nende s\u00e4ilitamine dekomissioneerimisprogrammi l\u00f5puleviimiseni, sealhulgas rahastamaks tuumak\u00e4itise sulgemisj\u00e4rgse j\u00e4relevalve \u00fcle institutsioonilise kontrolli teostamist. P\u00f5him\u00f5tte &#8220;saastaja maksab&#8221; kohaselt tasub tuumaj\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitaja oma osamaksetega fondi k\u00f5ik tuumak\u00e4itise dekomissioneerimiseks vajalikud rahalised vahendid.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dekomissioneerimisfondi finantseerivad tuumaseadmete k\u00e4itajad\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Tuumarajatise k\u00e4itaja poolt fondi tehtavate maksete suurus ja graafik peab v\u00f5tma arvesse l\u00f5ppladustamisprogrammi potentsiaalselt v\u00e4ga pikka ajalist kestust, mis j\u00e4\u00e4b projekti algsest rahastamisest kuni tegelike kulude tekkimiseni.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Fondi tehtavate maksete suuruse ja nende arvutusaluse kehtestamisel saab kaaluda ka n.\u00f6 j\u00e4\u00e4tmek\u00e4itlusmaksu p\u00f5hist l\u00e4henemisviisi, mis p\u00f5hineb tuumk\u00fctuse abil toodetud elektrienergia kogusel.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Teine v\u00f5imalus on n\u00f5uda (tuuma)j\u00e4\u00e4tmete tekitajatelt nende j\u00e4\u00e4tmek\u00e4itlejale \u00fcleandmisel j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitaja jaoks \u00fchekordset tasu, kohaldades j\u00e4\u00e4tmetariifide s\u00fcsteemi erinevate j\u00e4\u00e4tmekategooriate suhtes. Elektritootjate ja teiste institutsionaalsete j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitajate suhtes v\u00f5ib kohaldada ka m\u00f5lema s\u00fcsteemi kombinatsiooni.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fondi sissemaksed peaksid motiveerima t\u00f5husat elektritootmist<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Fondi sissemaksetele n.\u00f6 j\u00e4\u00e4tmetariifi p\u00f5him\u00f5tte kohaldamine tekkivate j\u00e4\u00e4tmekoguse suhtes peaks motiveerima j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitajaid v\u00e4hendama oma j\u00e4\u00e4tmekoguseid tuumamaterjale maksimaalselt \u00e4ra- ja taaskasutades ning \u00fcmber t\u00f6\u00f6tades. Selliste \u201etariifide\u201c kujundamisel on m\u00f5istlik arvestada ka muid tegureid, n\u00e4iteks j\u00e4\u00e4tmete aktiivsust v\u00f5i m\u00fcrgisust.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Levinum mehhanism, mida kasutatakse dekomissioneerimisfondide rahastamiseks, on toodetud tuumaelektrile kehtestatud vastav tasu. N\u00e4iteks 0,1 \u00a2\/kWh USAs v\u00f5i 0,14 \u00a2\/kWh Prantsusmaal v\u00f5i 0,2 \u00a2\/kWh Rumeenias. M\u00f5nedes riikides maksavad j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitajad fondi regulaarselt suuremaid \u00fchekordseid summasid (nt L\u00f5una-Koreas), m\u00f5nes riigis (n. Ungaris) moodustati selline fond ajaloolistel p\u00f5hjustel aga riigieelarve baasil.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Makseid fondi tuleks perioodiliselt korrigeerida<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Dekomissioneerimisfondi loomisel tuleb kindlaks m\u00e4\u00e4rata fondi eesm\u00e4rgistatud suurus, millest tulevikus piisab etten\u00e4htavate dekomissioneerimiskulude katmiseks ning millest omakorda saab tuletada fondi sissemaksete ajakava.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00dcks olulisemaid fondi kogumisega seonduvaid ebakindluseid on seotud likvideerimisprogrammi v\u00e4ga pika ajakavaga, sest ajakava m\u00f5jutab diskonteeritud kulusid. Esialgsete eelduste ajas muutumise ja t\u00e4psustamisega seonduvalt ning kaasneva ebakindluse v\u00e4hendamiseks on aja jooksul m\u00f5istlik fondi panustamiskava perioodiliselt l\u00e4bi vaadata ning vajadusel korrigeerida. Fondi halduril ning selle \u00fcle j\u00e4relevalvet teostavatel institutsioonidel v\u00f5iks olla \u00f5igus seda kohustuslikus korras teha.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Konservatiivsem l\u00e4henemine on kallim, kuid turvalisem<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Tulevaste kulude mitte-diskonteerimine v\u00f5ib olla konservatiivsem l\u00e4henemisviis, kuna see toob kaasa eraldiste kiirema kogumise. Sellisel juhul kogutakse kohustuse katmiseks vajalik summa kohe, kui kohustus tekib.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Rajatise kasutusiga v\u00f5ib j\u00e4\u00e4da aga l\u00fchemaks v\u00f5i tulevased j\u00e4\u00e4tmekogused kujuneda suuremaks kui prognoositud, mille tulemuseks v\u00f5ib olla ebapiisav fondi rahastamine. Ebapiisava rahastamise riski saab v\u00e4hendada, kui sissemaksete ajakava koostatakse ettevaatavalt ettemaksu p\u00f5him\u00f5ttel ning l\u00fchema perioodi jaoks kui tuumak\u00e4itise planeeritud kasulik eluiga.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">T\u00f5si on ka see, et kuni tuumk\u00fctuse reaktorisse sisestamiseni ei ole jaama dekomissioneerimise kulud kuigi m\u00e4rkimisv\u00e4\u00e4rsed aga p\u00e4rast tuumareaktor t\u00f6\u00f6 algust on vastav eelarve suurusj\u00e4rkude v\u00f5rra kopsakam. Oleks ebam\u00f5istlik n\u00f5uda tuumarajatise k\u00e4itajalt sel hetkel kogu\u00a0 dekomissioneerimiseks vajalike summade rahalise kulu \u00fchekorraga fondi deponeerimist vaid kaaluda tuleks ka usaldusv\u00e4\u00e4rsete ja likviidsete finantsinstrumentide (n pangagarantiid) lubamist.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<h5><b><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fondi tuleb hallata konservatiivselt ning s\u00e4ilitada selle likviidsus igal ajal<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Maailmas on kasutusel mitmeid erinevad dekomissioneerimisondide haldamise mudeleid. T\u00fc\u00fcbilt eristatakse n.\u00f6 sisemisi fonde (mida haldavad j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitajad ise) ja v\u00e4liseid fonde, mida haldavad j\u00e4\u00e4tmetekitajast eraldiseisvad ja s\u00f5ltumatud organisatsioonid v\u00f5i m\u00f5ni valitsusorgan.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">V\u00e4line fond pakub kindlasti l\u00e4bipaistvamat haldamismudelit, mis h\u00f5lbustab selle kontrollimist, kas kogutud rahalised vahendid on j\u00e4tkuvalt k\u00e4ttesaadavad, piisavad ja kas neid kasutatakse etten\u00e4htud eesm\u00e4rgil. Samuti pakub see kogutud rahale kaitset ettev\u00f5tja tegevuse ootamatu l\u00f5ppemise v\u00f5i l\u00f5petamise korral. Eesti senisest praktikast v\u00f5iks siinkohal heaks n\u00e4iteks tuua seadusega moodustatud Tagatisfondi, mille eesm\u00e4rgiks on hoiustajate poolt krediidiasutustesse paigutatud raha kaitse viimaste maksej\u00f5uetuse korral.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span data-contrast=\"none\">Fondi vahendeid v\u00f5iks lubada investeerida vaid piisavalt konservatiivse investeerimisstrateegia alusel. Arvestada tuleb ohuga, et fondihalduri poolt tehtud investeeringute tootlus v\u00f5ib j\u00e4\u00e4da oodatust madalamaks. Teine oluline risk, mida tuleb sellise fondi vahendite investeerimisel arvestada, on likviidsusrisk, sest dekomissioneerimisfondi vahendid peavad vajadusel olema k\u00e4ttesaadavad igal ajal.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<b><span data-contrast=\"auto\">T\u00f5nis Tamme<\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\r\n<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Vandeadvokaat, partner<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559738&quot;:120,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;469777462&quot;:[1440],&quot;469777927&quot;:[0],&quot;469777928&quot;:[1]}\">\u00a0<\/span>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":27861,"template":"","person_countries":[296],"people_industries":[301],"experience_practice_area":[298,909],"insight_category":[430],"class_list":["post-27842","insights","type-insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","person_countries-eesti","people_industries-energia-keskkond-ja-vorgud","experience_practice_area-transport-taristu","experience_practice_area-uhinemised-omandamised","insight_category-blogi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest? - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest? - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Moodne tuumaelektrijaam on tsiviilehituslikus m\u00f5ttes pigem keskmist m\u00f5\u00f5tu t\u00f6\u00f6stushoone, sest v\u00e4ikeste moodulreaktorite (small modular reactor &#8211; SMR) erip\u00e4ra ja eelis on nende t\u00fc\u00fcpprojekti j\u00e4rgi valmisehitamine, mis oluliselt kiirendab ja lihtsustab reaktorite paigaldust tuumajaama asukohas. Kuigi ka SMR-ide planeeritud kasulik t\u00f6\u00f6iga on pikk (30-60 aastat) on igati asjakohane k\u00fcsida, mis saab tuumk\u00fctusel t\u00f6\u00f6tavast elektrijaamast siis kui [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-15T13:39:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"840\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"431\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/triniti.1kdigital.com\\\/et\\\/insights\\\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/triniti.1kdigital.com\\\/et\\\/insights\\\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest? 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Kuigi ka SMR-ide planeeritud kasulik t\u00f6\u00f6iga on pikk (30-60 aastat) on igati asjakohane k\u00fcsida, mis saab tuumk\u00fctusel t\u00f6\u00f6tavast elektrijaamast siis kui [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/","og_site_name":"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm","article_modified_time":"2026-04-15T13:39:49+00:00","og_image":[{"width":840,"height":431,"url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/","url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/","name":"Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest? - TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg","datePublished":"2024-03-28T08:10:26+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-15T13:39:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"et","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"et","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Krsko-nuclear-power.jpg","width":840,"height":431},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/insights\/tuumajutud-i-kes-maksab-vana-tuumajaama-lammutamise-eest\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tuumajutud I: kes maksab vana tuumajaama lammutamise eest?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#website","url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/","name":"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"et"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#organization","name":"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm","url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"et","@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/triniti-logo-en.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/triniti-logo-en.svg","caption":"TRINITI - Pan-Baltic Law Firm"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insights\/27842","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insights"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insights"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27842"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"person_countries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/person_countries?post=27842"},{"taxonomy":"people_industries","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/people_industries?post=27842"},{"taxonomy":"experience_practice_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/experience_practice_area?post=27842"},{"taxonomy":"insight_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/triniti.1kdigital.com\/et\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_category?post=27842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}